Standortökologie und phytozönologische Bindung der beiden Adventivarten Gypsophila perfoliata und G. scorzonerifolia (Caryophyllaceae) in Zentraldeutschland

Abstract

Sommerwerk, A.; Partzsch, M.; Wesche, K.; Hensen, I.: Site conditions and association of the two adventive species Gypsophila perfoliata and G. scorzonerifolia (Caryophyllaceae) in central Germany. – Hercynia N.F. 38 (2005): 263–286.Gypsophila perfoliata and G. scorzonerifolia are two neophytes originating from the continental parts of eastern Europe and western Asia. The first records in Central Germany were made in 1870 and 1925 respectively whereas in the western part of Germany neither species was found earlier than 1992. Both species colonize potash-mine dumps that are characterised by high contents of different salts (chloride, sulphates, and carbonate). In order to analyse the vegetation structure and the soil parameters of sites occupied by both Gypsophila-species, we investigated 33 locations on potash-mine dumps in three different Federal States of Germany. G. perfoliata was occasionally found in the Spergulario-Puccinellietum distantis on sites with formerly high concentration of sodium chloride. As a result of leaching soils are often free of chloride-ions, but still characterized by a high concentration of sulphates and carbonates. A more or less sparse but species-rich community of the Dauco-Melilotion central association was found on these locations. Calamagrostis epigejos can become dominant forming an own community. A Rubus-community was found as well but only in one place. The two Gypsophila species can occur both separately and together in these four plant communities. Both species did not show significant differences in their communityecological behaviour. They prefer open plant communities without high competition pressure. The plant communities in which both Gypsophila-species were found are parts of a succession series. The succession direction depends on the kind of further use of the potash-mine dumps. Recently, the communities of the Dauco-Melilotion in which G. perfoliata and G. scorzonerifolia occur have become increasingly common and widespread along railway lines and roadsides. Here they can find potential sites for colonisation thus continuing their spreading.