Data Set “Morphology and function of the sternal gland in two species of mason bee” Raw pictures of the sternal glands and data of the behavioral assay to test the effect of male-specific carboxylic ester in two species of mason bees, Osmia bicornis and O. cornuta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). This data were used to analyze function of male pheromones produced in the sternal gland. Title of publication: Morphology, ultrastructure and function of the sternal gland in two mason bee species (Osmia bicornis and O. cornuta). Journal: PlosOne (ISSN: 1932-6203), 2025 Author of data: Dr. Stephanie Krüger, ORCID 0000-0002-7159-8316, Core Facility Microscopy, Biozentrum, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; stephanie.krueger@biozentrum.unihalle.de Dr. Karsten Seidelmann, ORCID 0000-0002-9265-6087, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Department Animal Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; karsten.seidelmann@zoologie.unihalle.de Species: Osmia bicornis, Osmia cornuta: Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apidae, Megachilidae, Osmiini Technique: Light and electron microscopy, identified in the "Description/Beschreibung" column of the repository file list and the "readme.txt" file. Methods as described in the publication Pictures: The files contain the raw image format, with no editing applied. The embedded metadata can be obtained from the image files. Additional metadata information is provided in a metadata file with the same name as the image, if necessary. These files have the extensions ".XML" or ".xlif". Descriptions of image content are provided in ".txt" files. The association of files to different microscopic techniques is described in "readme.txt". Additional images not included in the publication can be requested from the authors.